What imaging technique is commonly used to confirm lead placement in conduction system pacing?

Fluoroscopy is the imaging technique commonly used to confirm lead placement in conduction system pacing, primarily because it provides real-time imaging. This allows clinicians to visualize the position of the pacing leads as they are being placed in the heart, particularly in relation to the conduction system.

During the procedure, fluoroscopy helps ensure that the leads are correctly positioned at their intended sites, such as the right ventricle or the specialized conduction pathways. The real-time nature of fluoroscopy is advantageous as it allows for immediate feedback and adjustments if necessary, which is critical for optimal pacing function and patient outcomes.

While other imaging techniques like ultrasound, CT scans, and X-rays can provide information about heart anatomy, they lack the real-time visualization capability that fluoroscopy offers during lead placement procedures. Therefore, for confirming the precise placement of pacing leads, fluoroscopy is the preferred and most effective option.